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Chlamydiae
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Diseases Chlamydia psittaci
causes psittacosis;
Chlamydia trachoinatis
causes eye, respiratory, and
genital tract infections.
C trachoinatis is the most
common cause of sexually
transmitted disease in the
United States.
Chlamydia pneumoniae
(formerly called the TWAR
strain) causes atypical
pneumonia (Table 25-1).
Their cell walls resemble
those of gram-negative
bacteria but lack muramic
acid.
Mode of Transmission to
Humans Inhalation of dried
bird feces.
Release Multiplication
ceases Elementary bodies
Development of a large
cytoplasmic inclusion
Attachment and entry of
elementary body Cell nucleus
Reorganization of reticulate
bodies into elementary
bodies Formation of
reticulate body
Multiplication of reticulate
bodies by binary fission
Reticulate bodies Figure
25-1.
All chlamydiae share a
group-specific
lipopolysaccharide antigen,
which is detected by
complement fixation tests.
They also possess
species-specific and
immunotype-specific antigens
(proteins), which are
detected by
immunofluorescence.
C psittaci and C pneumoniae
each have one immunotype,
whereas C trachomatis has at
least 15.
Laboratory Diagnosis
Chlamydiae form cytoplasmic
inclusions, which can be
seen with special stains (eg,
Giemsa stain) or by
immunofluorescence.
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